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=Return=
In the battle in which Magellan was killed in Mactan, Philippines, Pigafetta also was hurt. Nevertheless, he managed to recover and was among the 17 on board the Victoria, who accompanied Juan Sebastián Elcano in his return Spain.
After reaching port in Sanlúcar de Barrameda (Cadiz) in September of 1522, three years after his departure, he recollected his experiences in Relazione del Primo Viaggio Intorno Al Mondo (Relations of the First Round-the-world Trip), composed in Italian, and was published in Venice in 1536. The original document, regretably, is not preserved.
Pigafetta returned to Italy after the trip. He died in his native city in 1534.
=Beinecke MS 531=
Beinecke manuscript 531 of Yale University s Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript library is a fair copy of Pigafetta s Journal of Magellan s Voyage in French translation:
The first owener was likely Vincentin Cheuallier de Rhodes Commanceant en lan Mil V^^cc et xix. [dedication, in red:] Anthoyne Pigaphete Patricie Vincentin et Cheuallier de Rhodes a Illustrissime et tres excellent Seigneur Philippe de Villers L [erasure] leadam inclite grand Maistre de Rhodes son seigneur esserueratissime. f. 2v blank
2. ff. 3r-98vPrologue de Anthoine Pigaphete sur le present liure sien traictant. La nauigation des isles de Malucque...Chapitre Premier. Pource quil y a plusieurs gentz curieux (tres illustre et tres reuerend Seigneur) qui non seullement se contentent descoutter et scauoir...au tres illustre et noble seigneur Philippes de Villiers Lisleadan tres digne grand maistre de Rhodes. Fin. f. 99r ruled, but blank; f. 99v continues notes from f. 1r
A journal of Ferdinand Magellan s voyage around the world in 1522, written by Antonio Pigafetta (ca. 1480/91 - ca. 1534), an Italian gentleman from Vincenza who survived the trip. Beinecke MS 351, the text of which is divided into 57 numbered chapters, is the most complete and most handsomely produced manuscript of the four surviving witnesses to the text; the original, probably in Italian, is now lost. The two other French manuscripts, also copied in the first half of the 16th century, are Paris, B. N. MSS fr. 5650 and fr. 24224; the only manuscript extant from the Italian tradition is Milan, Biblioteca Ambrosiana MS L. 103 Sup., of approximately the same date as the French manuscripts. An abridged French text was printed at Paris for Simon de Colines, Le voyage et navigation faict par les Espaignolz es Isles de Mollucques (no date, probably ca. 1526-36); for a modern edition see J. Denuce, Pigafetta: Relation du premier voyage autour du monde par Magellan 1519-22, Recueil de voyages et de documents pour servir a l histoire de la geographie 24 (Antwerp and Paris, 1923) pp. 29-225 (MS 351 = C), with a description of the Beinecke manuscript on pp. 11-14.
Parchment (fine), ff. i (paper) + ii (parchment) + i (original parchment flyleaf) + 98 (foliated 2-99) + ii (parchment) + i (paper), 276 x 184 (195 x 122) mm. 27 long lines, or in 2 columns for vocabulary lists (ff. 19v-20r, 51v-53r, 83r-84v). Ruled faintly in red ink; single inner vertical and horizontal bounding lines; double outer vertical bounding lines; additional ruling in outer margins for notes; all bounding lines full length and full across. I-XII^^8, XIII^^2. Written in elegant humanistic bookhand with script often resting above the rulings; marginal notes and headings in a more cursive script that inclines toward the right. Twenty-three beautifully drawn and illuminated maps, mostly full-page, surrounded by gold frames, and with scrolls superimposed that contain the identifying legends for islands and land masses. Subjects of maps are as follow; we give the title as it appears in the text of the manuscript: f. 21r figure du destroict Pathagoniques. De la region de Pathagonie, Mer ocean, De la mer Pacifique, Et aultres Capz; f. 23r figure des isles infortunees; f. 25v figure de lisle des larrons et leurs barquettes [with two figures in a boat]; f. 29r figure de lisle des bons signes. Et des quatre aultres isles Cenalo, Hinnangar, Ibusson, Abarien; f. 35v figure du cap de Gatighan, Des isles de Mazzaua, Bohol, Ceilon, Baibai, Polo, Canighan, Tigobon, et Pozzon [legends on scrolls not filled in]; f. 53v Cy apres sont figurees les isles de Zzubu, Mattan, et Bohol; f. 54r En lautre figure est lisle de Panilonghon; f. 56r figure de lisle de Caghaian; f. 57r [no title] Isle of Pulaoan; f. 62v figure de lisle de Burne et du lieu ou sont les fueilles vifues; f. 65r figure des cinq isles Benaian, Calagan, Butuan, Cippit et Maingdanao; f. 66r figure des isles Zzolo, Cauit, et aultres; f. 67v figure des isles Ciboco et aultres; f. 68r figure des isles Sanghir, Nuzza, Cheai, Camanuzza, Cheaua, Lipan, Cabaluzzar, Cabiao, Cauiao; f. 69r figure des isles Meau, Paginzzara, Zzoar, etc.; f. 85r figures des isles Giailolo, Mutara, Tarenate, et Chir; [cartouche on map:] Toutes les isles en ce liure mises. sont en laultre Emispere du monde aux Antipodes; f. 85v figure des cinq isles ou naissent les cloux de girofle et de leur arbre [with drawing of clove tree]; f. 87r figure de isles de Bacchian, etc.; [legend on map:] En ceste isle habitent les Pigmei; f. 87v Aultre figure des isles Ambalao, Ambon, Tenetun, Lumatola, et Sullach; f. 88v figure des isles Bandan, Zzorobua, Rossonghin, et aultres; f. 90r figure des isles Zzolot, Nocemamor, et aultres; f. 92r figure des isles Timor, Cabanaza, et aultres; f. 93r figure de la grand mer. Decorative initials, 4- to 3-line, rose or blue highlighted with white, on gold rectangular grounds edged in black, contain flowers in contrasting colors or strawberries and green and chartreuse leaves. Gold initials, 2-line, on red rectangular grounds or on red and blue grounds (divided diagonally or horizontally) with gold highlights. Gold paragraph marks, 1-line, on rectangular grounds that alternate red and blue, with gold highlights; rectangular line-fillers in red and gold, also highlighted with gold. Headings for chapters and titles for maps within text, as well as notes in margin entered by same scribe, in red or blue. Binding: s. xix. Red goatskin, gold-tooled. Bound by Duru in 1851 (note on f. i verso). Disbound and mounted for photographic reproduction for the facsimile edition by Harold Tribolet at the Extra Bindery of the Lakeside Press. Rebacked with extraordinary skill.
Written in France ca. 1525. Although some scholars have suggested that Beinecke MS 351 is the dedication copy presented to the Grand Master of Rhodes by Pigafetta, there is no firm evidence to support this hypothesis; all four extant manuscripts contain the dedicatory inscription to the Grand Master (see art. 1). First known owner is Jean Cognet, gentleman of the chamber and apothecary of Jean de Guise (1498-1550), Cardinal of Lorraine (f. 2r: anagram of Cognet: Ne age cito ; arms on f. 1v: azure, a chevron or between three lilies argent); his presentation to Christophe de Gastinois, the Cardinal s secretary (inscription on f. 1v: Viro clarissimo, eruditissimo, et integerrimo, Christophoro Gastynaeo, Illustrissimi Cardinalis a Lotharingia ex consilijs secretioribus Senatori, et libellorum supplicum Magistro dignissimo Ioannes Cognetius eidem Principi a Pharmacis et Cubiculis hunc librum D. D. with Gastinois arms in wreath above: azure, a fess argent, in chief 3 estoiles or, in base a phoenix or rising from flames proper). Belonged to the Abbey of St. Leopold at Nancy; inscription in upper margin of f. 1v: Sancti Leopoldi Nanceiani an. 1720. Unidentified notes of s. xix on ff. 1v and 99v discuss the possibility that MS 351 is the original dedication copy. In 1841 the French geographer R. Thomassy ( La relation du premier voyage autour de monde a-t-elle ete composee en francais par Antoine Pigaphete..., Bulletin de la Societe de Geographie, 2nd ser. 20 [1843] pp. 165-83) examined the manuscript when it was in the library of a certain M. Beaupre, a judge at Nancy, presumably Jean-Nicolas Beaupre, (1795-1869; Dictionnaire de Biographie Francaise, v. 5, p. 1163). Sold by Potier in Paris, March 1851 (no. 506); Felix Solar sale (Paris, Techener, April 1861, no. 3238). From the collection of Guglielmo Libri (1802-69); his sale (Sotheby s, 25-29 July 1862, no. 456) where it was acquired by Sir Thomas Phillipps (no. 16405; tag on spine, note on f. i verso). Robinson sale (Cat. 83, 1953, pp. 96-105); purchased from the Robinsons in 1964 by Edwin J. Beinecke for the Beinecke Library.
Bibliography: H. Harrisse, Bibliotheca Americana Vetustissima... Additions (Paris, 1872) p. xxxii. J. A. Robertson, Magellan s Voyage around the World (Cleveland, 1906) v. 2, pp. 260-64. T. E. Marston, Around the World in 1080 Days, Gazette 39 (1965) pp. 101-04. R. A. Skelton, Magellan s Voyage: A Narrative Account of the First Circumnavigation by Antonio Pigafetta (New Haven, 1969) v. 1: Introduction and translation of text, v. 2: facsimile, in color, of Beinecke MS 351. L. Peillard, Pigafetta: Relation du premier voyage autour du monde par Magellan 1519-22 (Geneva, 1970) pp. 52-56.
::One of the viewpoints of those who study Culture is respect for the 21:39, 5 September 2005 (UTC) ::It should be clear that we need to talk about 21:39, 5 September 2005 (UTC)
:::But I need to retreat to some sports analogies in the face of the looting etc. as the aftermath of disasters like hurricane Katrina; no matter whether it be cricket or football we better listen to the coaches and the umpires for the governance of the institution. ::::Upon re-reading this, I may have just constructed an argument for making 01:01, 6 September 2005 (UTC) ::::And yes, if today s 01:01, 6 September 2005 (UTC) ::One of the rules for the study of the sub-categories within to do what I can for any entries which might require mediation. My motivation for this watchlist item is that we do not intrinsically know just what constitutes a survivable value or behavior for our civilization. Thus for us to label an item with a pejorative is culture-bound behavior. That may or may not be useful for the future.
::::No implication meant. Jefferson s 3 categories are independent of the 3 color-coded groups on the Main Page. It is just that 3 is a lot simpler than 8. 8 is good because it is a barrier to the temptation to add just one more category , that s all we need is one more category . 8 just starts to overflow the small brains of Homo sapiens sapiens . ::::On a related note, our current programming languages and other conceptual structures are way too complicated for the small brains of Homo sapiens sapiens . We need help. Creeping featuritis is one of the enemies of small-brained man. We need to protect ourselves from ourselves , to quote from the TV ad. 22:35, 7 September 2005 (UTC) ::::While we are in the water, so to speak, it occurs to me that 8=2^3 so we could have a hypercube on the main page. 3 of the categories could be the index on a base of 2. Thus we could have, for example 2 orthogonal dimensions be fundamental categories, say for example Space and Time. If we take the values of the index to be 0, +1, +2 then that could an index into, for example *EarthSpace=Geography or *EarthTime=History, if we were to have index=0 for Earth. Also, *ThingsSpace=Mathematics (especially Geometry), and you might stretch a point to make *ThingsTime=Science, if we were to take index=1 for Things. Finally, *PeopleSpace=Society and *PeopleTime=Culture, if we were to take index=2 for People.
:::Disambiguating this is hard work. I have no insights other than the general statement which you are critiquing. The only thing I can think of to approach this is to rework some of the text from the Ethics article, but substitute values/goals for each instance of the word Ethics: --
*Assumptions about values or goals which underpin human behaviour are reflected in every social science, including: *anthropology because of the complexities involved in relating one cultural value to another, *economics because of its role in the distribution of scarce resources, *political science because of its role in allocating Political power, *sociology because of its roots in the dynamics of groups, *law because of its role in codifying constructs like mercy and punishment, *criminology because of its role in rewarding valued behaviour and discouraging unethical goals, and *psychology because of its role in defining, understanding, and treating unethical values or goals. *Values or goals have also been extended to the hard sciences, such as biology (as bioethics) and ecology (as environmental ethics). As these fields become more complex and deal with more situations, the application of values/goals in those fields can also become more complex. 22:52, 14 August 2005 (UTC) :::Yes! I absolutely agree that mathematics seeks something different from science -- even an epistemic difference. I mean proof rather than evidence -- mathematicians seek true statements, scientists seek plausible statements which can be reliably depended upon. But mathematicians have learned from scientists who were forced to do mathematics to get their concepts straight. Just like what has been going on in the foundations of quantum mechanics. (But I have been taught that religion seeks certainty (i.e. Truth) of the same type as mathematical truth. I do not speak with authority here. It just seems as if that is the impulse behind the search for religion.) And in law, the Truth is that which can be paid for or punished. (I am not speaking from knowledge here. These are impressions.) So what does it mean to label the impulse for Truth I am not qualified to speak. It is clear that we all seek it. Especially Wikipedians. Like Goodness, and Beauty, Truth is tempting, comforting. Certainly truth for its own sake can be damaging, like the type of truth a friend tells another, which might do damage. :::It appears that you are countering the statement because each person is different, their values are different, their goals are different, and therefore no general statement can be made. But I repeat, that if the conditions are made precise, as I attempted to sketch above, it should be possible to isolate just where our differences in definitions, values, and goals lie, and to lay out an ecology where the fields can coexist peacefully.
If I may be allowed to give some example cases:
Law and Mathematics. When Kurt Goedel was taking his U.S. Citizenship exam, he felt compelled to disclose the bug in the U.S. Constitution which allows for the installation of a dictatorship in the government. Einstein attempted to shush him, and the bemused Judge let the statement pass, but nothing was served by Goedel expressing the Truth. If we examine the interrelationships critically, it appears that these fields are independent of each other, and that one deals with political power, and the other one proof. So in this example, it appears that your position is that the fields should not be allowed to use the same word in the different contexts of their respective fields. (I am not comfortable with this logical conclusion, which is irrelevant, of course.)
Law and Science. *The nuclear waste disposal systems which have been under development since 1990 have been specified to hold for 1 million years. The salt reservoirs which are meant to hold the nuclear waste are meant to seal over the waste drums. Since no seawater has existed in the regions of the U.S. since the time of the North American Inland Seaway 100 million years ago, the waste disposal appears to be safe for a period l00 times longer than the existence of humankind, but that future lifeforms are at risk. Since the waste fields will exist longer than the projected period of existence of the U.S., plans have been laid to mark the waste fields with terrifying sculptures to mark them as areas to be avoided. Truth in both fields appears to be able to coexist. *Global warming. No one seems to agree, according to Wikipedia.
Computers. The initial grammar for the C Programming Language was not logically complete and a hack had to be inserted to get the parser to compile all the constructs of the language. Nonetheless, C survived in this partial state of logical validity for a decade before it was cleaned up. But in the interim, some terrific progress was made in computation, world-wide, irregardless of the mathematical perfection of the language. So the Truth loses here too.
Religion and Science. When the Catholic Church held hegemony 500 years ago in Europe, and no sailor could stich a sail without uttering a prayer, Magic was forbidden and no Scientific community was allowed to exist under suspicion of sorcery. Thus Giambattista della Porta s society was dissolved. Eventually Truth won out here.
The picture that is emerging is that partial Truth is the condition in each of these cases, and that evolution of understanding is the norm. Thus the statement that Truth is sought (etc.) seems to hold.
22:29, 14 August 2005 (UTC)
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=Truth and Myth=
While it is true that truths can be believed, myths can also be believed. But a myth can be believed for the power of its story. Is the big-tent philosophy to hold here Or does a story have to pay a price for admission to the article Or can anything come in just because it was a member of the family
What about values Values drive behavior; myths illustrate values; where does one draw the line for this article I am told that myths do not have to be true, in order to be believed-in. Just because someone wants something to be true, does not make that something true. 21:45, 30 July 2005 (UTC)
:The 00:24, 31 July 2005 (UTC)
==A scenario==
Several Saturdays ago, I was discussing the article with friends, when a thump occurred on the wall outside. One friend esplained that was merely a mother bird, who had glimpsed her reflection on a sheet of plexiglass outside, interpreted the image as an intruder, and attempted to chase it off from her nest, thus thumping the wall.
There is, of course, a similarity to the the Allegory of the Cave (Plato, The Republic , Book VII), with a twist. The bird is not deluded; she is merely acting in accord with her nature. But what about us Are we wrong to feel superior to the bird, simply because we know the truth Aren t we also in the same fix as the bird, with our partial understanding of a situation Is it ever realistic to presume that we can ever know the whole truth Are we reduced to following myths, such as the hope that we can indeed attain the truth Or can it only be degrees of truth, ranging from 0 (false) to 1 (true).
It would do no good to explain the concept of the difference in the dielectric constants of air and plexiglass, which is the root cause of the reflection of the birds image, to that bird. That type of truth is worthless to the bird. It s not worth much to anyone who isn t interested in it. In other words, there is a degree of marketability in a truth.
I have a modest proposal, which is to funnel all DotSix items as appendices to Archive 6 (mnemonic: 6 for .6). If anyone wishes to correspond with .6, then they can be free to do so on that subpage. If anyone wishes to move .6 items to the end of Archive 6, then they can continue the thread there.
If anyone has updates to Archive 5, then improvements such as the recovery of a more complete history can be made to 5. If .6 wishes to revert, which will probably happen, then that can be noted in the RFC and the RFAr.
If it is not obvious, .6 learned his concepts and manners on the UseNet mailing lists. I can be more specific, but will hold off for now. Suffice it to say that he has made enemies wherever he lands. But the logical fallacy accusations, even the sig or emoticon he uses were laid on him, and he reuses them now. If challenged, I will simply give the URL with the proof that he simply reuses what he has unearthed on UseNet. :In addition, it is clear that it doesn t matter what gets written, either to the article or to the talk page. DotSix agenda is to game the system, and Tit for tat is DotSix strategy. DotSix objective is to gain concessions and eventually take control, web page after web page, infecting the entire encyclopedia. No matter what gets on the page, if it is not under DotSix aegis, it will be gummed up with delaying tactics, non-resolution, confusion. Can you imagine articles filled with pages filled pathetic sentences like his version of True The world would be the poorer for a DotSix-controlled encyclopedia.
DotSix does not understand that in the Prisoner s Dilemma, Nice Guys finish first and that Trolls finish last, in the long run.
To DotSix: [http://www.google.com/searchhs=tXP&hl=en&lr=&client=firefox-a&rls=org.mozilla%3Aen-US%3Aofficial&q=infamous+name+shifting+troll+refered+Dolly+database+AOL+Comcast&btnG=Search Imprecation: Return to those regions of the UseNet from whence you came! (Sprinkle WikiWater here.) Leave this site! (WikiBlessings here.) Live peaceably amongst your kin! Appropriate behavior will reincarnate you as a higher form! Blessings upon you! Blessings upon you! (Sinatra music here.) (WikiIncense.) (Choir.)]
[http://www.google.com/searchq=4AQhd.455897%24mD.365770%40attbi_s02&sourceid=mozilla-search&start=0&start=0&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&client=firefox-a&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official DotSix stands before the Arbitrators:] *What say you, .6. **Honored Ones, I beseech yon Jimbo, in the name of all that is NPOV, give me one more chance! *The others are displeased, .6. **Rubs his knuckles, pops one: Sire, they are irrational God-believers, prone to Tyranny. Consign them to a 24-hour ban, as I have so cruelly been treated; let them gnash their teeth and rub their snouts. *You are hereby banned for 48 hours, .6. Leave us. (Choir, crescendo. Fade to black.) Wikipedia logo flashes on. Life goes on. .6 returns to the .6 bucket. Truth prevails. Eventually.
:No. DotSix, according to your trail on the web, you have made ample numbers of enemies, who have even listed your IP address in proof. Your but you are not interested in procedure or convention. Your behavior demonstrates that you are simply trying to hijack the encyclopedia. Shall I ask how your money-making schemes are going I think I have that figured out. Does #1756 mean anything to you, DotSix
How about writing something that you are expert on, like fine objects from Baluchistan That should interest the web sniffers. You are already on lists. Keep adding to the evidence against you. Does it make sense to encapsulate the .6 cycles into Archive 6 Lots of repetition. Episodes are instructive examples of types of gaming behavior: .6 s strategy is Tit for Tat, gaming the system away from Nash Equilibrium and generally stopping progress on the article. :Now that Sasquatch has blocked DotSix for a few days, here is also a systematic list of names used by the DotSix troll, along with proof that this troll resolves down to the DotSix IP address: *[http://64.233.179.104/searchq=cache:lxFpHs4vWysJ:alt-atheism.org/faqs/skeptic.php+phrase+Intellectually+dishonest,+invincibly+ignorant+clueless+troll&hl=en&client=firefox-a Database of names: a killfile for an infamous nameshifting troll, called Skeptic, google: phrase Intellectually dishonest, invincibly ignorant clueless troll ] The posters on alt.atheism have characterized him quite accurately. DotSix s behavior fits this killfile to a T. *[www.mychristiannetwork.com/forum/showpost.php%3Fp%3D597658%26postcount%3D14+infamous+%09name+%09shifting+%09troll+%09refered+%09dolly+%09database+%09aol+%09comcast+&hl=en&client=firefox-a" title="http://64.233.179.104/searchq=cache:ak7wqA6T97gJ:www.mychristiannetwork.com/forum/showpost.php%3Fp%3D597658%26postcount%3D14+infamous+%09name+%09shifting+%09troll+%09refered+%09dolly+%09database+%09aol+%09comcast+&hl=en&client=firefox-a" target="_blank">http://64.233.179.104/searchq=cache:ak7wqA6T97gJ:www.mychristiannetwork.com/forum/showpost.php%3Fp%3D597658%26postcount%3D14+infamous+%09name+%09shifting+%09troll+%09refered+%09dolly+%09database+%09aol+%09comcast+&hl=en&client=firefox-a To prove that DotSix s IP address gets to the same person, google: infamous name shifting troll refered dolly database aol comcast] DotSix uses the Comcast IP address listed here. Is it alright to consider the RfAr effectively resolved, then The situation has played out, per Wikipedia policy, and the Arbitration Committee can move this off its urgent list 08:07, 14 August 2005 (UTC) [http://www.cofc.edu/halseygallery/PalimpsestAfghanistan/cs_bio.htm alt.atheism.org #1756 R. Clay Stewart ] 67.182.26.29
:The article on 22:19, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
:The history of the Truth article is one of Nash Equilibrium. As long as there is only one gamer, he can always disrupt the equilibrium, using Tit for Tat. (It doesn t matter what the words are in the article; the gamer s observed behavior is clear.) Since there are many altruists on the article, a gamer can always take advantage of each one, using all the tools of Rhetoric, including Shifting the Ground, etc. If there ever get to be more gamers than sincere editors, the game is over. The past 10 days have been instructive in that it exposes issues about the structure of the Encyclopedia. But it will take some cycles of edit/evaluate/administer to ensure some recognition of the character of the gamers.
=== Statement by ===
:The article on and he literally has nothing to lose.
:The history of the Truth article is one of Nash Equilibrium. As long as there is only one gamer, he can always disrupt the equilibrium, using Tit for Tat. (It doesn t matter what the words are in the article; the gamer s observed behavior is clear.) Since there are many altruists on the article, a gamer can always take advantage of each one, using all the tools of Rhetoric, including Shifting the Ground, etc. If there ever get to be more gamers than sincere editors, the game is over. The past month and a half have been instructive in that it exposes issues about the structure of the Encyclopedia. But it has taken some cycles of edit/evaluate/administer to ensure some recognition of the character of the gamer(s). It behooves the Encyclopedia to recognize the danger of multiple instances of this behavior, acting in concert. The effect has been clear: no progress on the article since the appearance of the gamer.
:It ought to be clear that DotSix learned his manner of communication from UseNet, where gunslingers abound, where one-upmanship is paramount, and that DotSix has in fact gained enemies on the Internet, with a database on his behavior, and in fact on his DotSix IP address. Everything is to be gained by banning him. I can in fact show a post where he learned his smirk signature, and no, he did not invent it. He simply copied it from his adversaries, who have bestowed a name on him. 02:56, 6 August 2005 (UTC)
==Infinite truths==
Just as the possible amount of knowledge is infinite, there are an infinite number of 08:47, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.phptitle=User:DOCTER_ZOIDBURG&action=edit Sock puppet template example]
=Wisdom=
Wisdom is often meant as the ability and desire to make choices that can gain approval in a long-term examination by many people. In this sense, to label a choice wise implies that the action or inaction was strategically correct when judged by widely-held value theory. However true wisdom cannot be measured in terms of popular consensus.
To acknowledge the existence of wisdom assumes order and absolutes. Wisdom is recognizing the difference between good and evil and choosing what is good. To acknowledge wisdom is also to acknowledge consequences for unwise or foolish choices.
A wise person is often called a sage. The technical philosophical term for the opposite of wisdom is folly.
As with all decisions, a wise decision must be made with incomplete Information. But to act wisely, a sage must plan a reasonable future situation, desire the outcome to be broadly beneficial, and then act.
A standard philosophy definition says that wisdom consists of making the best use of available propositional knowledge.
Many modern authorities on government, religion and philosophical ethics say that wisdom connotes an enlightened perspective. This perspective is often defined in a utilitarian way, as effective support for the long-term common goodness.
Insights and acts that many people agree are wise tend to:
Traditionally, wisdom is related to virtue. It is tautology that it is wise to be virtuous. Some philosophers believe that virtues harmonize, that is, in order to succeed at any virtue, one must succeed somewhat at all of them. In this view, sages must have virtues such as humility, compassion, composure, and being able to laugh at oneself. Many liberals and religions select a wider set of virtues for sages, including charity, tolerance for dissonance, paradox, nuance, ambiguity and uncertainty.
Some people say that the most universally and usefully-wise sages sense, work with and align themselves and others to life. In this view, sages help people appreciate the intrinsic wholeness and interconnectedness of life.
Classically, wisdom is considered to come with age. Some religions consider wisdom a gift granted by God. The Jewish book of Proverbs in the Old Testament states `Fear of God is the beginning of Wisdom`. However, the Christian Bible as a whole recognises that wisdom can come both as a gift of God and through man s efforts ([http://www.knightnet.org.uk/christian/wisdom.htm study reference]).
=See also=
==Quotes==
==QA==
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:} }}}] appears as * Please do not blank or vandalize the pages of Wikipedia - Thank you. - ~~~~
===IP===
[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtmltitle=Special:Recentchanges&hideliu=1&hideminor=0&hidebots=1&limit=50 Recent Changes by anons]
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:How about using the existing wikipedia articles: The , for example. The Malays call the Negritos orang asli (original people). It is possible that the ethnicity of the peoples was determined by multiple waves of migration from Africa to Asia, from Asia to Australia, from India to Asia, etc., in many possible permutations and combinations. It is unlikely for example, that the Negritos are directly descended from the forest Pygmies in Africa; for example, the Negritos did not have the polyphonic music of the forest Pygmies. My personal interest in this page is as preparation for a Wikipedia article on a certain highlander tribe of Papua New Guinea, and this page was going to be be my starting point. It may probably be more prudent to leave open the possibility that the San were a related part of a larger population stream out of Africa, with many stops along the way, and with many branches and merges of the ethnic groups. There is more variation in appearance among people within an ethnic group than variation in appearance among people from supposed separate ethnic groups, which makes conclusions based on appearance alone, problematic. :What is common to all these groups is that they are getting aced-out in the competition for the use of their ancestral lands. But that certainly does not make them all the same peoples. :Another commonality is that these peoples do not call themselves Negritos or Khoi or San or Veddah. They are still tribal, and have no name for themselves as a common people. Thus there is no sense of a common ethnicity among them, only one imposed by others on them. Certainly they do not share the same myths. : Headhunting was a common practice among some peoples of Southeast Asia, until the practice was extinguished by colonial authorities from Japan, England, Netherlands, US etc. Cannibalism was practiced in Papua New Guinea, but not in the the highlander tribe I intend to write about, according to the anthropologist who lived among them. Paula Brown (1978). Highland Peoples of New Guinea . 258 pp. Index. ISBN 0-521-29249-2
==Welcomes==
Hello, to Wikipedia. ... I hope you enjoy editing here and being a ! 05:24, 9 Jan 2004 (UTC)
Tip: you can sign your name with ~~~~
Welcome by me, too 20:35, 17 Jan 2004 (UTC)
==Wikireader==
Thanks! I don t know much about the Wiki2PDF yet, haven t played much with it. I ve basically taken over the project since Sverdrup has been busy. If you or anyone else is interested in the Bard, feel free to join in. Also, perhaps we can work on a model like that for the encyclopedic standards. Ideas 02:30, Nov 28, 2004 (UTC)
==Waterfall model==
All of the methods guiding this field are collations of all of these disciplines. Historically, the waterfall model used them, in order, in a cascade (hence the name). But the author of this method claimed he was misunderstood when the first generation of users followed the steps literally. Currently, it is acceptable practice to admit that coding and design can occur concurrently, and that a methodology can include collaborative disciplines; thus a designer, a tester (sometimes a member of the natural workgroup ) and a coder might collaborate on a project, as peers. The following might be listed as the natural sequence, in jest, but which rings painfully true, for practitioners: #Buy the T-shirts #Write the code #Write the specification (thus ensuring that the code and spec match) #Hire the manager #Release the code (so the user can find the bugs) #Start fixing bugs #Announce the upgraded version
==Wave form of electromagnetic fields==
Faraday formulated a physical picture for what are now called electromagnetic fields. Maxwell built upon Faraday s physical picture with an interlinked set of twenty equations in 1864 which explained the interactions between electric and magnetic field (they are the same field, essentially, electric and magnetic fields transforming from one to the other, as they propagate through space). Maxwell realized that light was electromagnetic in its nature. These ideas were confirmed when German physicist Heinrich Hertz discovered radio in 1888 and German physicist Wilhelm Roentgen detected X rays in 1895. Maxwell s equations were later reformulated in vector notation to emphasize their simple structure, as four vector equations.
=Eston Hemings Jefferson (1808-c1853)=
[http://www.monticello.org/plantation/lives/sallyhemings.html sally hemings , probable Jefferson son, Professional musician Chillicothe, OH, mv Wisconsin 1852]
Eston Hemings (1808-1856) was the youngest son of Sally Hemings. One of only five enslaved men freed in Thomas Jefferson s will, Hemings was trained as a carpenter by his uncle, master joiner John Hemmings. After his mother s death he moved with his wife, Julia Ann Isaacs, to Chillicothe, Ohio, where he was a professional musician and had a popular dance band. After 1850 Eston Hemings moved with his family to Wisconsin, where he changed his name and his racial identity. Julia Isaacs Jefferson was buried in Madison Wisconsin.
[http://www.monticello.org/gettingword/GWeston.html Lt. Col. John Wayles Jefferson son of Eston Hemings Jefferson]|
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