Linus Torvalds

Linus Benedict Torvalds (born December 28, 1969) is a Finnland computer science best known for initiating the development of Linux kernel. He now acts as the project s coordinator (or Benevolent Dictator for Life).

Linus was inspired by Minix (a kernel and operating system developed by Andrew S. Tanenbaum), to develop a capable UNIX-like operating system that could be run on a personal computer, and now many other Computer architecture.

=Biography=

Torvalds was born in Helsinki, the capital of Finland, as the son of Anna and Nils Torvalds, and the grandson of poet Ole Torvalds. His family belonged to the Finland-Swedish-speaking minority (roughly 6%) of Finland s population. Torvalds was named after Linus Pauling, the American Nobel Prize-winning chemist. Both of his parents were campus radicals at the University of Helsinki in the 1960s. His father was a Communist who in the mid-1970s spent a year studying in Moscow.

Torvalds attended the .

His interest in computers began with a Commodore VIC-20. After the VIC-20 he purchased a Sinclair QL which he modified extensively, especially its operating system. He programmed an Assembler and a text editor for the QL, as well as a few games. He is known to have written a Pac Man clone named Cool Man . In 1990 he purchased an Intel 80386-based IBM PC and spent a few weeks playing the game Prince of Persia before receiving his Minix copy which in turn enabled him to begin his work on Linux.

Linus is married to Tove Torvalds (nee Minni). She is a six-time Finnish national Karate champion, whom he first met in fall 1993. Linus was running introductory computer laboratory exercises for students and instructed the course attendants to send him an E-mail as a test, to which Tove responded with an e-mail asking for a date. They have three daughters, Patricia Miranda (born December 5, 1996), Daniela Yolanda (born April 16, 1998) and Celeste Amanda (born November 20 2000), and a cat named Randi (short for Gandalf, the Elvish name for Gandalf, a wizard in The Lord of the Rings ).

Torvalds moved to San Jose, California and lived there for several years with his family. In June of 2004, Torvalds and his family moved to Lake Oswego, Oregon. Finally, they moved to Portland, Oregon to be closer to Linus place of work.

He worked for Transmeta Corporation from February 1997 until June 2003, and is now seconded to the Open Source Development Labs, a Beaverton, Oregon based software consortium.

His personal mascot is a penguin nicknamed Tux, which has been widely adopted by the Linux community as the mascot of Linux.

philosophy, which has been in part (and implicitly) based on this belief.

Unlike many open source evangelists , Torvalds keeps a low profile and generally refuses to comment on competing software products. He has been criticized for his neutrality by the GNU project, specifically for having worked on proprietary software with Transmeta and for his use and alleged advocacy of the proprietary BitKeeper software. Despite his neutral nature, Torvalds has vehemently defended open-source and free software against what he perceives as slander or lip service by proprietary software vendors.

= The Linus / Linux connection =

Torvalds originally used the Minix OS on his system which he replaced with his own OS, Linux (Linus Minix). However, Torvalds thought the name Linux was too egotistical and planned to rename it Freax (a combination of free , freak , and the letter X to indicate a Unix-like system). But, before the name was changed, his friend Ari Lemmke encouraged Torvalds to upload Linux to a network so it could be easily downloaded. Ari, however, not happy with the Freax name, gave Torvalds a directory called linux on his FTP server.

In newsgroup comp.os.minix.

Only about 2% of the current Linux kernel is written by Torvalds himself. Despite the relative size of his contribution, Torvalds remains the ultimate authority on what new code is incorporated into the Linux kernel. Torvalds tends to stay out of non-kernel-related debates. The Linux kernel, when combined with software developed by many others, (mainly the GNU system) results in a so-called Linux distribution . Most people refer to this combination as just Linux . However some, including Richard Stallman, refer to it as GNU/Linux. Torvalds maintains that the name GNU/Linux is only justified if you make a GNU-based distribution.

Torvalds owns the Linux trademark, and monitors [http://slashdot.org/articles/00/01/19/0828245.shtml] use (or abuse) of it chiefly through the non-profit organization Linux International. Linux s wide and passionate userbase make trademark abuse difficult as it is rapidly detected.

=Recognition=

Many Linux fans tend to worship Torvalds as a kind of god. In his book Just for Fun he complains that he finds it annoying.

*In Time Magazine s Person of the Year Poll, Torvalds was voted at #17 at the poll s close in 2000. [http://www.time.com/time/time100/poc/century.html] *In 2001, he shared the Takeda Award for Social/Economic Well-Being with Richard Stallman and Ken Sakamura. *In 2004, he was named one of the most influential people in the world by TIME. *In the search for the Suuret Suomalaiset of all time, voted in the summer of 2004, Torvalds placed 16th. *In 2005 he appeared as one of the best managers in a survey by BusinessWeek. [http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/toc/05_02/B39150502manager.htm]

= References =

* *

= External links =

}} *[http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/u/torvalds/ Torvalds s home page] *[http://catb.org/~esr/faqs/linus/ The Rampantly Unofficial Linus Torvalds FAQ] *[http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/11.11/linus_pr.html Leader of the Free World - How Linus Torvalds became the benevolent dictator of Planet Linux, the biggest collaborative project in history (Wired News)] *[http://www.softpanorama.org/People/Torvalds/index.shtml Benevolent Dictator. A slightly skeptical unauthorized biography and the first ten years of Linux (Softpanorama) ] *[http://www2.educ.umu.se/~bjorn/mhonarc-files/obsolete/msg00000.html The famous LINUX is obsolete thread from the comp.os.minix newsgroup] *[http://www.cs.vu.nl/~ast/brown/ Andrew S. Tanenbaum on the origins of Linux] (2004) *[http://archive.salon.com/21st/feature/1998/11/12feature.html Martin Luther, Meet Linus Torvalds] *[http://www.jx90.com/linux.html How Linus pronounces LINUX]

==Interviews==

*[http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.phpsid=2736 Linux Journal ] - 1 March 1994 *[http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/3655 Linux Journal ] - 1 November 1999 * *[http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/11.07/40torvalds.html Wired Magazine ] - July 2003 *[http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/aug2004/tc20040818_1593.htm BusinessWeek] - 18 August 2004 *[http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/businesstechnology/2002059632_linus11.html The Seattle Times] - 11 October 2004

==Humor==

*[http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/13.02/microsoft.html The Microsoft Memo ]