List of operating systems |
Operating systems can be categorized by technology (Unix-like or others such as Windows), ownership and license (proprietary or open source), working state (historic like DOS and OS/2 or current like Linux and Windows), application (general like Linux, Windows), desktop only (DOS, Apple), mainframe only (AIX operating system), real-time or embedded only (QNX), Personal digital assistant, or purpose (production, research, hobby). Naturally, these groupings overlap.
=Early, and historically important=
*CTSS (The Compatible Timeshare System, developed at Massachusetts Institute of Technology by Corbato, et al) *Incompatible Timesharing System (The Incompatible Timeshare System, developed at MIT for the DEC 10 / 20 mainframes) *THE (Operating system) (by Edsger Dijkstra et al) *Multics (joint OS development project by Bell Labs, General Electric, and MIT) *Master programme (developed for LEO computer in 1962) *RC 4000 Multiprogramming System (developed by Regnecentralen in 1969)
See also: Operating systems timeline
==Early, proprietary microcomputer OS==
*Apple Computer Apple DOS (initial version was ROM firmware together with Integer BASIC; later versions included a Microsoft BASIC) *Business Operating System (BOS) - cross platform, command-line based *Commodore PET, Commodore 64, and Commodore VIC-20, *The very first IBM PC (3 OS offered to start, UCSD p-System, CPM-86, PC-DOS) *Sinclair Research Ltd Micro and QX, etc *TRS-DOS, ROM OS s (largely Microsoft BASIC implementations with file system extensions) *TI99/4A
=Proprietary software=
==Acorn Computers Ltd==
*Arthur (operating system) *ARX *RISC OS *RISCiX
==Amiga==
*AmigaOS
==Apple Computer/Apple Macintosh==
*Apple DOS *ProDOS *GS/OS *Lisa OS *A/UX *Mac OS **System 6 **System 7 (Macintosh) (code-named Big Bang ) **Mac OS 8 **Mac OS 9 *Mac OS X **Mac OS X v10.0 (aka Mac OS X 10.0 Cheetah ) **Mac OS X v10.1 (aka Mac OS X 10.1 Puma ) **Mac OS X v10.2 (aka Mac OS X 10.2 Jaguar ) **Mac OS X v10.3 (aka Mac OS X 10.3 Panther ) **Mac OS X v10.4 (aka Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger ) **Mac OS X v10.5 (aka Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard ) *Mac OS X Server *Darwin (operating system)
==Array Networks==
*ArrayOS
==Atari ST==
*Atari TOS *MultiTOS *MiNT
==Burroughs (later Unisys)==
*CTOS *CWD *Master Control Program
==Convergent Technologies (Unisys)==
Later acquired by Unisys. *CTOS
==Be Incorporated==
*BeOS **BeIA *YellowTAB Zeta (formerly BeOS)
==Digital Equipment Corporation/Tandem Computers/Compaq/Hewlett-Packard==
*AIS (operating system) *OS/8 *Incompatible Timesharing System (for the PDP-6 and PDP-10) *MPE (from Hewlett-Packard) *TOPS-10 (for the PDP-10) *WAITS *TENEX (from BBN) *TOPS-20 (for the PDP-10) *RSTS/E (ran on several machines, chiefly PDP-11s) *RSX-11 (multiuser, multitasking OS for PDP-11s) *RT-11 (single user OS for PDP-11) *Virtual Memory System (by Digital Equipment Corporation for the VAX mini-computer range; later renamed OpenVMS) *HP-UX *Ultrix *Digital UNIX (derived from OSF/1, and which became HP s Tru64) *NonStop Kernel (Originally from Tandem Computers for their line of fault-tolerant platforms; originally called Guardian). It supports concurrent execution of: **Guardian **OSS (POSIX-compliant Open System Services)
==International Business Machines==
*PC-DOS (originally nearly indistinguishable from Microsoft MS-DOS) *OS/2 (developed jointly with Microsoft) **OS/2 **EComStation (licensed to Serenity Systems International) *Basic Operating System (first system released for the System 360, as an interim) *Tape Operating System *OS/360 (first OS planned for the System 360 architecture) *DOS/360 *DOS/VSE *z/VSE (latest version of the VSE line) *VM/CMS *z/VM (latest version of the VM line) *MFT (later called OS/VS1) *MVT (later called OS/VS2) *SVS *MVS (latest variant of MVT) *TPF *OS/390 *z/OS, Unix-like, (latest version of IBM mainframe OS) *i5/OS formerly OS/400 *AIX operating system (a version of Unix) *Academic Operating System (a version of BSD Unix) *ALCS operating system *IBSYS *DPPX *K42 IBM has also contributed a significant amount of code to the open source operating system Linux (below).
==ICT/International Computers Ltd==
*GEORGE *VME *DME *TME
==Microsoft==
*Xenix (licensed version of Unix; sold to SCO in 90s) *MS-DOS (developed jointly with IBM, versions 1.0-6.22) *Windows CE (OS for handhelds that is similar in appearance to Windows) **Windows CE 3.0 **Windows Mobile (based off of Windows CE, but utilizing the smaller formfactor) **Windows CE 5.0 *Microsoft Windows **Windows 1.0 **Windows 2.0 **Windows 3.x (the first version to make substantial commercial impact) **Windows 95 (aka Windows 4.0) **Windows 98 (aka Windows 4.1) **Windows Me (aka Windows 4.2) *OS/2 (developed jointly with IBM) **Windows NT multiple versions of each release **Windows 2000 (aka Windows NT 5.0) **Windows XP (aka Windows NT 5.1) **Windows Server 2003 (aka Windows NT 5.2) **Windows Vista (to be released October 2006) **Windows Longhorn Server (to be released shortly after Windows Vista) **Windows Blackcomb (to follow Vista)
==Other==
*EOS (Operating System), developed by ETA Systems for use in their ETA-10 line of supercomputers *NCR IRX *THEOS, [http://www.theos-software.com THEOS Software Corporation] *TinyOS *Desqview, allowed you to run multiple copies of MSDOS simultaneously on one machine.
===Other proprietary Unix-like and POSIX-compliant systems===
*Aegis/OS (Apollo Computers) *AMIX (Amiga porting of Unix System V release 3.1 with Amiga A2500UX and SVr4.0 with Amiga A3000UX. Started in 1989. Last version was in 1992)
*Cromix (Unix-emulating OS from Cromemco) *Coherent (operating system) (Unix-emulating OS from Mark Williams Co. for PC class computers) *DNIX
==UNIVAC (later Unisys)==
*EXEC I *EXEC II *EXEC 8 *OS-1100 *OS-1200 *OS/3
=Nonproprietary Unix-like=
==Research Unix-like and other POSIX-compliant systems==
*UNIX (OS developed at Bell Labs ca 1970 initially by Ken Thompson) *Minix (study OS developed by Andrew S. Tanenbaum in the Netherlands) *Amoeba distributed operating system (research OS by Andrew S. Tanenbaum) *Plan 9 (operating system) (distributed OS developed at Bell Labs) - based on Unix design principles but not functionally identical *Inferno (operating system) (distributed OS originally from Bell Labs) *Plan B (operating system) (distributed OS derived from Plan 9 (operating system)) *Xinu, (Study OS developed by Douglas E. Comer in the USA) *Solaris Operating Environment, contains original Unix (SVR4) code *SunOS, Unix-like, (was replaced by Solaris Operating Environment)
==Open source Unix-like==
*Solaris Operating Environment, contains original Unix (SVR4) code *SunOS, Unix-like, (became Solaris Operating Environment) *Berkeley Software Distribution (Berkeley Software Distribution, a variant of Unix for Digital Equipment Corporation VAX hardware) **FreeBSD (one of the outgrowths of UC Regents abandonment of CSRG s BSD Unix ) **DragonFly BSD forked from FreeBSD **NetBSD (one of the outgrowths of UC Regents abandonment of CSRG s BSD Unix ) **OpenBSD forked from NetBSD *Linux *GNU Hurd *SSS-PC Developed at Tokyo University
=Nonproprietary non-Unix-like=
==Research non-Unix-like==
*Mach kernel (from OS kernel research at Carnegie Mellon University; see NeXTSTEP) *Nemesis (computing) Cambridge University research OS - detailed quality of service abilities. http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/Research/SRG/netos/old-projects/nemesis/ *TUNES, 1994 *V (operating system) from Stanford, early 1980s *L4 microkernel family Second generation microkernel *ILIOS Research OS designed for routing purposes. Look at http://www.rink.nu for the sources.
==Open source non-Unix-like==
*ReactOS (A free software Windows NT compatible OS - still in early development stages.) *FreeDOS (an open source DOS variant)
=Disk operating system=
*QDOS (developed at Seattle Computer Products by Tim Paterson for the new Intel 808x CPUs; also called SCP-DOS; licensed to Microsoft -- became MS-DOS/PC-DOS) **MS-DOS (Microsoft s now abandoned DOS variant) **PC-DOS (IBM s DOS variant) *DR-DOS (Digital Research s [later Novell, Caldera, ...] DOS variant) *FreeDOS (an open source DOS variant)
=Network operating systems=
*Cambridge Ring O/S *CSIRONET (CSIRO) *CTOS (Convergent Technologies (Unisys), later acquired by Unisys) *Network operating system, developed by Control Data Corporation for use in their Cyber line of supercomputers. *Brocade Fabric OS
=Generic/commodity, non-UNIX, and other=
*4DOS (command-line user interface for DOS, Windows and OS/2) *BLIS/COBOL *Bluebottle OS also known as AOS (a concurrent and active object update to the Oberon operating system) *BS1000 by Siemens AG *BS2000 by Siemens AG *BS3000 by Siemens AG (functionally similar to OS-IV and MSP from Fujitsu) *CPM operating system **CP/M-80 (CP/M for intel 8080/8085 and Zilog Z80 from Digital Research) **CP/M-86 (CP/M for Intel 8088/86 from Digital Research) **MP/M-80 (Multi programming version of CP/M-80 from Digital Research) **MP/M-86 (Multi programming version of CP/M-86 from Digital Research) *DESQview (multi-tasking windowing user interface for DOS) **DESQView/X (X Window System GUI for DOS) *FLEX9 (by TSC for Motorola 6809 based machines; successor to FLEX, which was for Motorola 6800 CPUs) *Graphical Environment Manager (windowing GUI for CP/M, DOS, and Atari TOS) *GEOS (popular windowing GUI for PC, Commodore, Apple computers) *JavaOS *KERNAL (default OS on Commodore 64) *MorphOS (by Genesi) *MSP by Fujitsu (successor to OS-IV) *nSystem by Luis Mateu at DCC, Universidad de Chile *NetWare (networking OS by Novell) *Oberon operating system/(developed at ETH-Zurich by Niklaus Wirth et al) for the Ceres and Chameleon workstation projects. see also Oberon programming language *OSD/XC by Fujitsu-Siemens (BS2000 ported to a emulation on a Sun SPARC platform) *OS-IV by Fujitsu (based on early versions of IBM s MVS) *Pick operating system (often licensed and renamed) *PRIMOS by Prime Computer (sometimes spelled PR1MOS and PR1ME) *[http://sealsystem.sourceforge.net/ SEAL System] is a free 32-bit GUI for DOS. *SkyOS (Commercial desktop OS for PCs) *SSB-DOS (by TSC for Smoke Signal Broadcasting; a variant of FLEX in most respects) *TripOS, 1978 *UCSD p-System (portable complete programming environment/operating system/virtual machine developed by a long running student project at the Univ Calif/San Diego; directed by Prof Ken Bowles; written in Pascal) *VME by International Computers Ltd *VM2000 by Siemens AG *VisiOn (first GUI for early PC machines; not commercially successful) *aceos under GPL [http://aceos.netfirms.com/ *]
=Hobby OS=
*CalotaOS (Calota Software Labs Operating System) *AROS (Amiga Research Operating System) *BlueIllusion OS *[http://bubach.1go.dk/BOS/ BOS - 100% assembler OS] *Haiku (operating system) (open source BeOS clone) *AtheOS became Syllable **Syllable (operating system) (a modern, powerful, independently originated OS) *MenuetOS is an extremely compact OS written entirely in FASM assembly language *Tabos (a rescue/network/desktop system) *LainOS (FreeBSD-based project that aims to become a next-generation operating system. Inspired by Lain s Navi
graphical user interface from Serial Experiments Lain ) *Panalix
=Embedded operating system=
*ROM-DOS *Embedded Linux
==Personal digital assistants (PDAs)==
*Palm OS from Palm Inc; now spun off as PalmSource *EPOC (computing) originally from Psion (UK), now from Symbian, preferred name now is Symbian OS *Windows CE Windows Compact Edition, from Microsoft **Pocket PC from Microsoft, a variant of Windows CE. **Windows Mobile from Microsoft, a variant of Windows CE. *Linux on Sharp Zaurus and Ipaq *DOS on Poqet PC *Newton OS on Apple Newton Messagepad
==Smartphones==
*Windows CE *Embedded Linux, MontaVista Linux in Motorola s A760, E680 *Mobilinux by Montavista. *Symbian OS
==Router==
==Microcontroller, Real-time operating system==
*Contiki written in C programming language *LUnix written in 6502 *ECos *FreeRTOS [http://www.freertos.org] *INTEGRITY (os) *LynxOS *OSEK *MontaVista Linux (see also Embedded Linux) *Nucleus RTOS *OS-9 by Microware *QNX *Rtems [http://www.rtems.com/] *RTLinux *Salvo [http://www.pumpkininc.com/] *ThreadX *TRON OS (also ITRON, BTRON, CTRON, MTRON, etc.) *µCLinux *VRTX *VxWorks
=Interpreted=
*Par-OS *J98 *GWOS *Swodniw
=Fictional operating systems=
Operating systems that have only appeared in fiction. *Finux - A pun on the Finnish origins of Linux - appears in Cryptonomicon *ALTIMIT OS - From .hack *Hyper OS - From the movie Patlabor *Wheatonix - April fool s joke *Digitronix - From The Hacker Files *Luna/X - [http://www.google.com/jobs/lunar_job5.html] *Copland - From Serial Experiments Lain Navi computer, which is also the codename of a never released Apple Computer OS (see Vaporware). *LCARS- From television s Star Trek *NNIX - an operating system for running programs in MMIX assembly language, which are both used as (fictional) illustrations in The Art of Computer Programming. *[http://www.geocities.com/ResearchTriangle/Node/4081/ Jesux] - A linux distro supposedly for Christian hackers - was a hoax. *[http://www.lesbian.mine.nu/ Lesbian GNU/Linux] *[http://heliacos.nukysrealm.net HeliacOS] - Parody on [http://www.skyos.org SkyOS]
See also Hollywood operating system
=LEGO Mindstorms=
*BrickOS operating system *leJOS operating system
=See also=
=External links=
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