Microsoft Excel |
Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet program written and distributed by Microsoft for computers using the Microsoft Windows operating system and for Apple Macintosh computers. It features an intuitive interface and capable calculation and graphing tools which, along with aggressive marketing, have made Excel one of the most popular microcomputer applications to date. It is overwhelmingly the dominant spreadsheet application available for these platforms and has been so since version 5 in 1993 and its bundling as part of Microsoft Office.
Microsoft originally marketed a spreadsheet program called Multiplan in 1982, which was very popular on CP/M systems, but on MS-DOS systems it lost popularity to Lotus 1-2-3. This promoted development of a new spreadsheet called Excel which started with the intention to, in the words of Doug Klunder, do everything 1-2-3 does and do it better . The first version of Excel was released for the Mac in 1985 and the first Windows version (numbered 2.0 to line-up with the Mac and bundled with a run-time Windows environment) was released in November 1987. Lotus was slow to bring 1-2-3 to Windows and by 1988 Excel had started to outsell 1-2-3 and helped Microsoft achieve the position of leading PC software developer. This accomplishment, dethroning the king of the software world, solidified Microsoft as a valid competitor and showed its future of developing graphical software. Microsoft pushed its advantage with regular new releases, every two years or so. The current version is Excel 11, also called Microsoft Office Excel 2003.
Early in its life Excel became the target of a trademark lawsuit by another company already selling a software package named Excel. As the result of the dispute Microsoft was required to refer to the program as Microsoft Excel in all of its formal press releases and legal documents. However, over time this practice has slipped.
Excel offers a large number of user interface tweaks; however, the essence of UI remains the same as in the original spreadsheet, VisiCalc: the cells are organized in rows and columns, and contain data or formulas with relative or absolute references to other cells.
Excel was the first spreadsheet that allowed the user to define the appearance of spreadsheets (fonts, character attributes and cell appearance). It also introduced intelligent cell recomputation, where only cells dependent on the cell being modified are updated, while previously spreadsheets recomputed everything all the time or waited for a specific user command. Excel has extensive graphing capabilities.
When first bundled into Microsoft Office in 1993, Microsoft Word and Microsoft PowerPoint had their GUIs redesigned for consistency with Excel, the killer app on the IBM PC compatible at the time.
Since 1993, Excel includes support for Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) as a scripting language. VBA is a powerful tool that makes Excel a complete programming environment. VBA and macro recording allow automating routines that otherwise take several manual steps. VBA allows creating forms to handle user input. Automation functionality of VBA exposed Excel as a target for macro computer virus.
Excel versions from 5.0 to 9.0 contain various Easter egg (virtual).
=Versions=
Versions for the Apple Macintosh include:
Versions for Microsoft Windows include:
Versions for OS/2 include:
=Competitors=
*SpreadsheetGear for .NET *Lotus 1-2-3 *Lotus Improv *Lotus Symphony *VisiCalc *Quattro Pro *Gnumeric *KSpread *OpenOffice.org OpenOffice.org Calc *Framework (office suite) *Ability Spreadsheet *Microcal Origin *The Cruncher (for MacIntosh)
=External links=
*[http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/FX010858001033.aspx Microsoft Excel official site] *[http://www.eeggs.com/tree/279.html Excel Easter eggs] *[http://www.aci.com.pl/mwichary/computerhistory/articles/spreadsheets/anewfaceforspreadsheets Review of first Excel version for Windows] *[http://www.aci.com.pl/mwichary/guidebook/splashes/excel Collection of Excel splash screens] *[http://www.practicalstats.com/Pages/excelstats.html Is Microsoft Excel an Adequate Statistics Package] (No. (Concerns versions 10.0 and below.)) *[http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspxkbid=828888&product=xl2003 Improvements in the statistical functions in Excel 2003 and in Excel 2004 for Mac]
==Tutorials==
*[http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/training/default.aspx Microsoft Office training] *[http://www.usd.edu/trio/tut/excel/ Tutorial] by the University of South Dakota *[http://www.badblue.com/helpxls.htm Sharing Excel spreadsheets over the web] *[http://passwordexperts.com/microsoft-excel-passwords.shtml Built-in means of password protection in Microsoft Excel documents] *[http://www.mrexcel.com/tip106.shtml Daily Excel Tips via Video Podcast]
==APIs and tools==
*[http://msdn.microsoft.com/office/understanding/vsto/default.aspx Visual Studio Tools for the Microsoft Office System] *[http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/WriteExcel.html Spreadsheet::WriteExcel] -- Perl module for writing Excel format files *[http://jakarta.apache.org/poi/hssf/index.html Apache Jakarta POI-HSSF] -- Open-source software Java programming language API for accessing Excel format files *[http://andykhan.com/jexcelapi/index.html Java Excel API by Andy Khan] -- Open-source software Java programming language API for accessing Excel format files *[http://www.spreadsheetgear.com/ SpreadsheetGear] -- commercial Microsoft .NET components for Excel reporting, data grid and calc engine *[http://www.gemboxsoftware.com ExcelLite by GemBox Software] -- commercial Microsoft .NET component for accessing Excel and Comma-separated values format files
==File format information==
*[http://isbn.nu/1556156324/ Excel Developer s Kit], Microsoft Press, 1994; Excel API, SDK and description of Excel file formats *[http://sc.openoffice.org/excelfileformat.pdf OpenOffice.org documentation of Excel file format] *[http://homepage.eircom.net/~jmcnamara/perl/tpj.html Spreadsheet::WriteExcel] article, Perl Journal, 2000; describes the implementation of Spreadsheet::WriteExcel and Excel file format
==Excel gurus==
*[http://j-walk.com/ss/ John Walkenbach] *[http://www.spreadsheetgear.com/company/about.aspx Joe Erickson] *[http://www.cpearson.com/excel.htm Chip Pearson] *[http://www.contextures.com/tiptech.html Debra Dalgleish] *[http://www.puremis.net/excel/ Colo] *[http://www.dicks-blog.com/ Dick Kusleika] *[http://www.MrExcel.com/ Bill Jelen - MrExcel.com] *[http://www.xl-logic.com/menu.html Aaron T. Blood] *[http://www.mvps.org/links.html#Excel Excel MVPs]|
|